🏃 Run Type Guide
Every run in your program has a specific purpose. Understanding how to execute each type is essential for safe and effective training.
Easy / Base Pace
Zone 2RPE 3–4HR: 60–70% MaxLow Intensity
The cornerstone of all run training. Easy runs build your aerobic base, promote recovery, and account for 80% of your total weekly mileage. The defining feature is full conversational ability — you should be able to speak in complete sentences without effort. If you're breathing too hard to hold a conversation, slow down.
- Run by feel first: if it feels easy, it probably is
- Typical target pace is 60–90 seconds per mile slower than your 10K race pace
- Heart rate should stay below 70% of your maximum throughout
- On hot or hilly days, slow down further — effort matters more than pace
- Most of your runs, most of the time, should feel like this
Long Slow Distance (LSD)
Zone 1–2RPE 2–4HR: 55–70% MaxWeekly Anchor
The weekly long run is the most important training session in any program. It builds aerobic endurance, trains your body to burn fat efficiently, and prepares your muscles and joints for sustained effort. The emphasis is on time on feet, not pace — slower is often better.
- Run even slower than your easy pace — 90 seconds to 2 minutes per mile slower than 10K pace is common
- Heart rate should stay in the lower half of Zone 2 (55–65% of max HR) for most of the run
- Fueling matters: plan nutrition and hydration for runs exceeding 60–75 minutes
- The last 10–20% of the run can drift slightly into upper Zone 2 — this is natural and acceptable
- Do not follow a long run with a hard workout — allow 48 hours of easy effort afterward
Recovery Run
Zone 1RPE 1–2HR: 50–60% MaxFirst Run After Long Run
Recovery runs are intentionally short and slow — their purpose is to promote blood flow and flush metabolic waste from fatigued muscles without adding meaningful training stress. They should be performed the first run day after your long run, and should feel almost effortless.
- Distance: approximately 50% of your average run distance (minimum 1 mile or 15 minutes)
- Heart rate should stay below 60% of your maximum — if it exceeds this, walk or slow down
- This run should feel embarrassingly slow. That is the correct execution
- If you feel fatigued or sore, it is acceptable to replace this with a 20–30 minute walk at easy effort
- Never sacrifice recovery run quality (i.e., intensity) for distance
Tempo / Threshold Run
Zone 3–4RPE 6–8HR: 75–88% MaxHigh Intensity
Tempo runs are sustained efforts at or near your lactate threshold — the fastest pace you can maintain for approximately 60 minutes in a race. Often described as "comfortably hard," this effort improves your ability to sustain faster paces with less accumulated fatigue. You should be able to speak a few words but not hold a conversation.
- Classic structure: 10 min easy warm-up → 20–40 min at tempo effort → 10 min easy cool-down
- Cruise intervals: 3–5 × 8–10 min at tempo pace with 60–90 sec easy jog between — more accessible for beginners
- Target pace is typically 25–30 seconds per mile slower than your 10K race pace
- Heart rate: 80–88% of max HR. Upper Zone 3 to lower Zone 4
- Allow at least 48 hours of easy running before and after tempo sessions
Intervals
Zone 4–5RPE 8–9HR: 88–100% MaxHigh Intensity
Interval training alternates hard efforts with recovery periods. The goal is to accumulate high-quality work at intensities you cannot sustain continuously. Intervals develop VO₂ max, running economy, and speed. They are demanding — proper warm-up and cool-down are essential, and they should never appear more than twice per week.
- 400m repeats: 6–12 × 400m at near-maximum effort (RPE 9) with 400m easy jog recovery — ideal for beginners to interval training
- 800m repeats: 4–8 × 800m at 5K race effort with 400m easy jog — builds speed endurance
- 1-mile repeats: 3–6 × 1 mile at 10K effort with 2–3 min jog recovery — strong aerobic/anaerobic stimulus
- Time-based: 3–6 × 3 minutes hard / 3 minutes easy — useful without a track
- Always warm up at least 10–15 minutes before the first rep
- Heart rate will peak at or near maximum during work intervals — this is expected and normal
- If pace drops significantly between reps, the session is complete regardless of reps remaining
Fartlek
Zone 2–4RPE VariesHR: 65–88% MaxHigh Intensity
Swedish for "speed play," fartlek training involves informal, unstructured surges of faster effort mixed into an otherwise easy run. Unlike formal intervals, there are no fixed distances, rest periods, or pace targets — you run hard when you feel like it and recover until ready for the next effort. This makes fartlek highly adaptable and mentally engaging.
- Landmark method: Surge to the next telephone pole, tree, or mailbox, then return to easy pace until recovered — repeat 6–15 times
- Time-based: Surge for 30–90 seconds every 4–6 minutes of easy running
- Song-based: Run fast during the chorus of a song, easy during verses
- Surges should feel hard but not maximal — Zone 3 to Zone 4 effort (RPE 6–8)
- Total surge time is typically 15–25% of the run duration
- Great for developing a feel for different effort levels without the rigidity of structured intervals
Hill Repeats
Zone 4–5 (up)Zone 1–2 (down)RPE 8–9 (up)High Intensity
Hill repeats are one of the most efficient forms of high-intensity training. Running uphill naturally increases effort while reducing impact on joints, making it safer than flat sprinting. The downhill recovery jog is equally important — it trains eccentric muscle strength and prepares legs for race-day downhills. Hills build leg power, running economy, and cardiovascular fitness simultaneously.
- Choose a hill with 4–8% grade, approximately 100–400m long
- Drive hard uphill at RPE 8–9 — short, powerful strides, high knees, pumping arms
- Jog or walk back down slowly (Zone 1) — this is your recovery, not wasted time
- Beginner: 4–6 repeats. Intermediate: 6–10. Experienced: 10–15+
- Heart rate will spike on each uphill effort and recover on the descent — this pattern is intentional
- Warm up 10–15 minutes on flat ground before beginning repeats
- Start conservatively — hill repeats produce significant delayed onset muscle soreness in the first 1–2 sessions
Build / Progression Run
Zone 2→3–4RPE 3→7–8HR: GraduatingHigh Intensity
A progression run starts at easy pace and systematically increases effort throughout, finishing at tempo or threshold effort. This teaches your body to run efficiently at a range of intensities within a single session, develops negative-split racing strategy, and provides both aerobic and anaerobic training stimulus. It is classified as high intensity because the final miles are at Zone 3–4.
- Classic structure: divide the run into thirds — first third at easy pace (Zone 2), second third at moderate (Zone 3), final third at threshold effort (Zone 4)
- Example for a 6-mile progression: miles 1–2 at easy, miles 3–4 at moderate, miles 5–6 at tempo effort
- Increase pace gradually — avoid jumping efforts too quickly in the middle section
- Heart rate should rise steadily throughout, finishing at 80–88% of max in the final portion
- This run type is particularly effective for marathon and half marathon training
- Do not attempt a full progression run if your legs are fatigued from a previous day's session